Antropologia da ciência e da tecnologia

Este curso tem por objetivo introduzir a(o) aluno(a) a abordagem etnográfica nos estudos de temas ligados à ciência e à tecnologia. No mundo todo, os chamados Estudos Sociais de Ciência e Tecnologia (ESCT; ou Science, Technology and Society/STS como são conhecidos internacionalmente) vêm fazendo uso extenso dessa metodologia em seus estudos, o que vem popularizando também análises propriamente antropológicas sobre ciência e tecnologia. O curso buscará, a partir de uma discussão inicial sobre o método etnográfico, mapear as suas apropriações por autores ligados aos ESCT a partir dos anos 1970-80. Os chamados “estudos de laboratório” capitanearam esse processo de tradução, em autores como Bruno Latour, Steve Woolgar, Michael Lynch e Karin Knorr-Cetina. Além disso, o curso explorará uma diversidade de etnografias atuais, buscando compreender os desdobramentos recentes das etnografias de ciência e tecnologia e a produtividade desse método para a compreensão de temas diversificados. O aluno, além de debater os textos propostos, será incentivado a desenvolver uma curta pesquisa etnográfica em um ambiente de laboratório ou de desenvolvimento de tecnologia no decorrer do curso.

 

Bibliografia básica:

– MALINOWSKI, B. Os Argonautas do pacífico ocidental. São Paulo: Editora Abril, 1984. [capítulo 1, “Tema, método e objetivo desta pesquisa” pp. 17-35].

– LATOUR, Bruno. A vida de laboratório: A produção dos fatos científicos. Rio de Janeiro: Relume Dumará, 1997 [especialmente capítulos 1 e 2, pg. 9-100].

– HESS, David. “Ethnography and the development of science and technology studies”, in Sage Handbook of Ethnography. ATKINSON, Paul; COFFEY, Amanda; DELAMONT, Sara; LOFLAND, John; LOFLAND, Lyn. (orgs.) Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2001, pp. 234-245.

– LYNCH, Michael. “Technical Work and Critical Inquiry: Investigations in a Scientific Laboratory”. Social Studies of Science, Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 499-533, 1982.

– LATOUR, Bruno. “Referência circulante: amostragem do solo da floresta amazônica”. In A Esperança de Pandora: ensaios sobre a realidade dos estudos científicos. Bauru: Edusc, 2001, pp. 39-96.

– MARTIN, Emily. “Anthropology and the cultural study of science”. Science, Technology & Human Values, 23(1):24-44, 1998

– LATOUR, Bruno. “Ethnography of a ‘high-tech’ case: about Aramis”, in Pierre Lemonnier (org.) Technological Choices: Transformation in Material Cultures Since the Neolithic. London: Routledge, 1993, pp. 372-398.

– PFAFFENBERGER, Bryan. “Fetishised Objects and Humanised Nature: Towards an Anthropology of Technology”. Man, New Series, 23(2):236-252, 1988.

– VESSURI, Hebe et. al. “Technological Change and the Social Organization of Agricultural Production [and Comments and Reply]”. Current Anthropology,21(3):315-327, 1980.

– HESS, David. Science and Technology in a multicultural world: the cultural politics of facts and artifacts. New York: Columbia, 1995

– LATOUR, Bruno. Jamais fomos modernos: ensaio de antropologia simétrica. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. 34, 1994.

– VIVEIROS DE CASTRO, Eduardo. “Os pronomes cosmológicos e o perspectivismo ameríndio”. Mana 2(2):115-144, 1996.

– MARCUS, George. “Ethnography in/of the world system: The Emergence of Multi-Sited Ethnography”. Annual Review of Anthropology 24:95-117, 1995.

– HINE, Christine. “Multi-sited Ethnography as a Middle Range Methodology for Contemporary STS”, Science Technology Human Values 32(6):652-671, 2007;

– MARCUS, George. “Multi-sited Ethnography: Five or Six Things I know About it Now. In Coleman, S. e Hellerman, P. (orgs.) Multi-Sited Ethnography: Problems and Possibilities in the Translocation of Research Methods. New York: Routledge, 2011, pp. 16-35.

– HARAWAY, Donna. “Manifesto ciborgue: ciência, tecnologia e feminismo-socialista no final do século XX”, in Thomaz Tadeu da Silva (org.) Antropologia do ciborgue: as vertigens do pós-humano. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica, 2000, pp. 131-140.

– HARAWAY, Donna. “The Virtual Speculum in the New World Order”. Feminist Review 55:22-72, 1997.

– HARAWAY, Donna. “Saberes localizados: A questão da ciência para o feminismo e o privilégio da perspectiva parcial”. Cadernos Pagu 5:7-41, 1995.

– OKONGWU, A.; MENCHER, J. “The Anthropology of Public Policy: Shifting Terrains”. Annual Review of Anthropology 29:107-124, 2000.

– MOSSE, David. “Anti-social anthropology? Objectivity, objection, and the ethnography of public policy and professional communities”. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 12:935-956, 2006.

– CESARINO, Letícia. “Anthropology of development and the challenge of South-South cooperation”. Vibrant 9(1):507-537, 2012

– MOSSE, David. “Colonial and Contemporary Ideologies of ‘Community Management’: The Case of Tank Irrigation Development in South India”. Modern Asian Studies 33(2):303-338, 1999.

– EDWARDS, Paul N. “Infrastructure and Modernity: Force, time and social organization in the history of sociotechnical systems”. In Misa, T., Brey, P. And Feenberg, A. (eds) Modernity and Technology. Cambridge: MIT, 2003, pp. 185-225.

– STAR, Susan Leigh. “The ethnography of infrastructure.” American Behavioral Scientist 43(3):377-391, 1999.

– KELLY, John. “Introduction: The ontological turn in French philosophical anthropology”. Hau: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 4 (1): 259–269, 2014.

– DESCOLA, Phillipe. “Modes of being and forms of predication”. Hau: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 4 (1): 271–280, 2014.

– LATOUR, Bruno. “Another way to compose the common world”. Hau: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 4 (1): 301–307, 2014.

– FORTUN, Kim. “From Latour to late industrialism”. Hau: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 4 (1): 309–329, 2014.

– KELLY, John. “The ontological turn: Where are we?” Hau: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 4 (1): 357–360, 2014.

– CALLON, M.; MUNIESA, F. “Economic Markets as Calculative Collective Devices”. Organization

Studies 26(8): 1229–1250, 2005.

– TSING, Anna. “Sorting out commodities: How capitalist value is made through gifts”. Hau: Journal of Ethnographic Theory 3(1):21-43, 2013.

– TSING, Anna. “Beyond economic and ecological standardization”. The Australian Journal of Anthropology 20:347-368, 2009.

– STEFFEN, W.; CRUTZEN, P.; MCNEILL, J. “The Anthropocene: Are Humans Now Overwhelming the Great Forces of Nature?”, in Ambio, 36(8):614-621, 2007.

– HARAWAY, Donna; ISHIKAWA, N.; GILBERT, S.; OLWIG, K.; TSING, A. & BUBANDT, N. “Anthropologists Are Talking – About the Anthropocene”. Ethnos, 81:3, 535-564, 2016

– LATOUR, Bruno. “Para distinguir amigos e inimigos no tempo do Antropoceno”. Revista de Antropologia 57(1):12-31, 2014.

– HARAWAY, Donna. 2016. Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene. Durham and London: Duke University Press

Bibliografia complementar:

– TEDLOCK, Barbara. “Ethnography and ethnographic representation”, DENZIN, Norman. K.; LINCOLN, Yvonna S. (eds). Handbook of Qualitative Research. London: Sage, 2000, pp.455-487.

– VIDICH, Arthur; LYMAN, Stanford. “Qualitative Methods: Their history in sociology and anthropology” in DENZIN, Norman. K.; LINCOLN, Yvonna S. (eds). Handbook of Qualitative Research. London: Sage, 2000, pp. 37-85.

– LAPLANTINE, François. Aprender antropologia. São Paulo: Brasiliense, 1999.

– BOGDAN, Robert; BIKLEN, Sari. Investigação qualitativa em educação: uma introdução à teoria e aos métodos. Porto: Porto Editora, 1994. [capítulos: “Trabalho de campo”, pp.111-147.]

– KNORR-CETINA, Karin. “The ethnographic study of scientific work: towards a constructivist interpretation of science”. In: KNORR-CETINA, K.; MULKAY, M. (Ed.). Science observed: perspectives on the social study of science. Beverly Hills: Sage, 1983, p.115-140.

– LATOUR, Bruno. “Give Me a Laboratory and I Will Raise The World”. In. KNORR CETINA, Karin; MULKAY, Michael (ed.). Science Observed: Perspectives on the Social Studies of Science. London: SAGE, 1983.

– TRAWEEK, Sharon. “An introduction to cultural and social studies of sciences and technologies”. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 17:3-25, 1993.

– FRANKLIN, Sarah. “Science as culture, cultures of science” Annual Review of Anthropology. 24:163-84, 1995.

– LATOUR, Bruno. Pandora’s Hope: essays on the reality of science studies. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999.

– PFAFFENBERGER, Bryan. “Social anthropology of technology”, in Annual Review of Anthropology. 21:491-516, 1992.

– TRAWEEK, Sharon. “Big Science and colonialist discourse: building high energy physics in Japan”. In Peter Galison e Bruce Hevly (orgs.) Big science : the growth of large-scale research. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1992, págs. 100-129.

CASPER, Monica; KOENIG, Barbara. “Reconfiguring Nature and Culture: Intersections of Medical Anthropology and Technoscience Studies”. Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 10(4):523-536, 1996

STRATHERN, Marilyn. “No Nature, No Culture: The Hagen Case.” In Nature, Culture, and Gender, Carol MacCormack and Marilyn Strathern (orgs.), Cambridge: CUP, 1980, pp.174-222.

– CLIFFORD, James. “Sobre a autoridade etnográfica”, in A experiência etnográfica: antropologia e literatura no século XX. Rio de Janeiro: Editora da UFRJ, 1998, pp. 17-63.

– CLIFFORD, James. “Introduction: Partial truths”. CLIFFORD, James; MARCUS, George. Writing Culture: The poetics and politics of ethnography. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986, pp. 1-27

– RABINOW, Paul. “Representations are social facts: modernity and postmodernity in anthropology”. CLIFFORD, James; MARCUS, George. Writing Culture: The poetics and politics of ethnography. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986, pp. 234-262.

– SCOTT, Joan W. “Prefácio a Gender and the Politics of History”. Cadernos Pagu 3:11-27, 1994.

– STRATHERN, Marilyn. “A Antropologia e o advento da fertilização in vitro no Reino Unido: uma história curta”. Cadernos Pagu 33:9-55, 2009.

– SHORE, C; WRIGHT, S.; PERO, D. (orgs.) Policy Worlds: Anthropology and the Analysis of Contemporary Power. New York: Berghahn, 2011.

– MOSSE, David. Cultivating Development: An Ethnography of Aid Policy and Practice. New York: Pluto Press, 2005.

– JENSEN, Casper B. “Infrastructural Fractals: Revisiting the Micro—Macro Distinction in Social Theory.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 25(5):832-850, 2007

– EDWARDS, Paul. A Vast Machine: computer models, climate data and the politics of global warming. Cambridge: MIT, 2010.

– JENSEN, Casper; WINTHEREIK, Brit. Monitoring Movements in Development Aid: Recursive Partnerships and Infrastructures. Cambridge: MIT, 2013.

– TSING, Anna. Friction: An ethnography of global connection. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011.

– CALLON, Michel. “An essay on framing and overflowing: economic externalities revisited by sociology.” The Sociological Review 46.S1: 244-269, 1998.

– KERSTEN, Jens. “The Enjoyment of Complexity: A New Political Anthropology for the Anthropocene?” In: Anthropocene: Exploring the Future of the Age of Humans. Helmuth Trischler (ed.), RCC Perspectives, no. 3, 39–55, 2013.

– LATOUR, Bruno. “Agency at the time of the Anthropocene”. New Literary History 45:1-18, 2014.

– ROJAS, David. “Climate Politics in the Anthropocene and Environmentalism

Beyond Nature and Culture in Brazilian Amazonia”. PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review, 39(1):16–32, 2014.